Cytokine Storm Research Reagents
What is Cytokine Storm?
Referring to the overproduction of cytokines as an inflammatory response due to infection, the named “cytokine storm” has various causes, including infections by bacteria and viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Cytokines are proteins secreted by the immune system and promote the body’s immune response. While helpful in mediating an immune response and controlling infection, an overproduction of cytokines can be harmful to the host. Learn more from ProSci's blog! ProSci provides cytokines and chemokines for research, which include:
- Interferons (IFNs)
- Interleukins (ILs)
- Tumor Necrosis Factors
- Chemokines
- Colony-stimulating Factors (CSF)
- Growth Factors
Interferons
Interferons are cytokines released in response to viral infection to inhibit viral replication. One interferon associated with COVID-19 is IFN-gamma. Below is a select list of ProSci’s IFN-gamma antibodies and proteins:
IFN-y Antibodies
Product | Cat. No. | Application | Clonality | Host |
---|---|---|---|---|
IFN gamma Antibody [NIB42] | 77-053 | Flow, Neut | Monoclonal | Mouse |
IFN gamma Antibody [NIB42] | 77-054 | Flow, Neut | Monoclonal | Mouse |
IFNG Antibody | 14-432 | WB, IHC | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IFN-gamma Antibody | XP-5155 | E, WB, Neut | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IFN-gamma Antibody [1.1-5A9-2D05] | XP-5739-M | E, WB | Monoclonal | Mouse |
IFNgamma Antibody [3F1E3] | 32-173 | E, WB | Monoclonal | Mouse |
IFN-gamma Antibody [A35] | 99-643 | Flow | Monoclonal | Mouse |
IFN-gamma Antibody [B27] | 99-644 | E, WB, IHC-P, IHC-Fr, ICC, Flow, IP | Monoclonal | Mouse |
IFN-gamma Antibody [B27] | 99-648 | Flow | Monoclonal | Mouse |
Interferon gamma Antibody [G-23] | 33-406 | Flow, IF | Monoclonal | Mouse |
IFN-y Recombinant Proteins
Product | Cat. No. | Source | Fusion Tag | Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|
IFN gamma Recombinant Protein | 40-277 | E. coli | Gln 24 - Gln 166 | |
IFN gamma Recombinant Protein | 91-012 | E. coli | Tag Free | Gln 24 - Gln 166 |
IFN-gamma R1 Recombinant Protein | 96-889 | HEK293 cells | His Tag | Asp 22 - Glu 258 |
IFN-y Recombinant Protein | 40-557 | E. coli | Gln 24 - Gln 166 | |
Interferon gamma Recombinant Protein (HEK293 Expressed) | 96-409 | HEK293 cells | N-Fc Tag | Gly 49 - Ala 118 |
Interleukins
Interleukins are glycoproteins that regulate the immune response. One of note in SARS-CoV-2 infections is interleukin-6 (IL-6), as blood levels of this protein correlate with COVID-19 mortality, indicating this protein as a potential biomarker or even as a potential therapeutic target for controlling the inflammatory response. IL-6 production is increased by IL-1β and TNF-α. It has been shown serum cytokine levels of IL-1β increase as well. Below is a select list of ProSci’s interleukin antibodies and proteins:
IL-6 and IL-1β Antibodies
Product | Cat. No. | Application | Clonality | Host |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1 beta Antibody | 43-610 | E, WB | Polyclonal | Goat |
IL1B Antibody | 13-921 | WB, IF | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL1B Antibody | 14-001 | WB | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL1B Antibody | 14-002 | WB, IF | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL1B Antibody | 16-529 | WB, IHC, IF | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL1B Antibody | 16-928 | WB, IF | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL1B Antibody | 63-506 | WB, IHC-P, Flow | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL6 Antibody | 13-129 | WB, IHC, IF | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL6 Antibody | 13-918 | WB, IHC, IF | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL6 Antibody | 15-666 | WB, IF | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL6 Antibody | 18-652 | WB, IHC, Flow | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL6 Antibody | 56-451 | WB, IHC-P, Flow | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL6 Antibody | XW-7295 | E | Polyclonal | Chicken |
IL6 Antibody | 38-201 | E, WB, Neut | Polyclonal | Goat |
IL6 Antibody | XP-5192 | E, WB, Neut | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL-6 Antibody [1.2-2B11-2G10] | XP-5704-M | E, WB | Monoclonal | Mouse |
IL-6 Antibody [6D9A1,6C12B1] | 48-736 | E, WB, IHC | Monoclonal | Mouse |
IL-6 Antibody [6D9A1] | 32-179 | E, WB | Monoclonal | Mouse |
IL-6 Antibody [MQ2-13A5] | 99-661 | IHC-Fr, ICC, Flow | Monoclonal | Rat |
IL-6 Antibody [MQ2-13A5] | 99-662 | IHC-Fr, ICC, Flow, Blocking, IP | Monoclonal | Rat |
IL-6 Antibody [MQ2-39C3] | 99-663 | Flow | Monoclonal | Rat |
IL-6 and IL-1β Recombinant Proteins
Product | Cat. No. | Source | Fusion Tag | Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1 beta Recombinant Protein | 40-241 | E. coli | Ala 117 - Ser 269 | |
IL-1 beta Recombinant Protein | 92-219 | E. coli | Tag Free | Ala 117 - Ser 269 |
IL-1beta Recombinant Protein | 40-598 | E. coli | Ala 117 - Ser 269 | |
IL-6 Recombinant Protein | 40-249 | E. coli | Pro 29 - Met 212 | |
IL-6 Recombinant Protein | 40-523 | E. coli | Pro 29 - Met 212 | |
IL-6 Recombinant Protein | 91-007 | E. coli | Tag Free | Pro 29 - Met 212 |
Tumor Necrosis Factor
Tumor necrosis factor or TNF is a member of the TNF superfamily and is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by inflammatory cells. TNF causes fever by stimulating IL-1 secretion or direct action. Aside from IL-6, high serum levels of TNF-α can also predict COVID-19 disease severity and death. Below is a select list of ProSci’s TNF antibodies and proteins:
Antibodies
Product | Cat. No. | Application | Clonality | Host |
---|---|---|---|---|
Recombinant TNF-alpha Antibody [RMTNFA-1] | 34-041 | IF, IHC-P | Recombinant Monoclonal | Rabbit |
TNF alpha Antibody [4C6-H8] | 33-216 | Flow, IHC, IF | Monoclonal | Mouse |
TNF alpha Antibody [TMDa1-1] | 33-995 | IF, IHC-P | Monoclonal | Mouse |
TNF Antibody | 57-099 | WB, Flow | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
TNF Antibody [M 1 C4] | 51-930 | E, WB, IHC | Monoclonal | Mouse |
TNF-a Antibody | XP-5282 | E, WB, Neut | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
TNF-a Antibody | XP-5283 | E, WB, Neut | Polyclonal | Goat |
TNF-a Antibody | XP-5284 | E, WB | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
TNF-a Antibody | XP-5285 | E, WB | Polyclonal | Goat |
TNF-a Antibody | XP-5286 | E, WB, Neut | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
TNF-a Antibody [2.1_4E10-1H11] | XP-5711-M | E, WB, Neut | Monoclonal | Mouse |
TNF-alpha Antibody [J2D10] | 33-473 | WB, Flow, IF, Inhibition, Neut | Monoclonal | Mouse |
TNF-Alpha Antibody [MAb11] | 77-180 | Flow, ELISA, IHC | Monoclonal | Mouse |
TNF-Alpha Antibody [MAb11] | 77-181 | Flow, ELISA, IHC | Monoclonal | Mouse |
TNF-alpha Antibody [MP6-XT22] | 99-716 | Flow | Monoclonal | Rat |
TNF-alpha Antibody [MP6-XT22] | 99-719 | IHC-Fr, ICC, Flow, Blocking, IP, Separation, Depletion | Monoclonal | Rat |
TNF-alpha Antibody [MP6-XT3] | 99-713 | WB, Flow, IP | Monoclonal | Rat |
TNF-alpha Antibody [MP6-XT3] | 99-715 | Flow | Monoclonal | Rat |
TNF-alpha Antibody [SPM543] | 34-172 | Flow, IF, IHC | Monoclonal | Mouse |
TNF-α Antibody | 13-123 | WB, IF | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
TNF-α Antibody | 14-045 | WB, IHC, IF | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
Recombinant Proteins
Product | Cat. No. | Source | Fusion Tag | Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|
TNF alpha Recombinant Protein | 91-006 | E. coli | Tag Free | Val 77 - Leu 233 |
TNF alpha Recombinant Protein | 91-027 | E. coli | Tag Free | High Active Mutant |
TNF alpha Recombinant Protein | 92-216 | E. coli | C-6 His tag | Val 77 - Leu 233 |
TNF alpha Recombinant Protein | 92-217 | E. coli | N-6 His tag | Gly 57 - Leu 233 |
TNF alpha Recombinant Protein (HEK293 Expressed) | 96-734 | HEK293 cells | Tag Free | Val 77 - Leu 233 |
TNF-alpha multimeric Recombinant Protein | 90-231 | HEK293 cells | DDDDK Tag | aa 85-223 |
TNF-alpha Recombinant Protein | 40-115 | E. coli | Val 77 - Leu 233 | |
TNF-alpha Recombinant Protein | 40-609 | E. coli | Val 77 - Leu 233 | |
TNF-alpha Recombinant Protein | 96-958 | HEK293 cells | His Tag | Val 77 - Leu 233 |
TNF-alpha, Soluble Recombinant Protein | 90-221 | E. coli | DDDDK Tag | aa 85-223 |
TNF-alpha, Soluble Recombinant Protein | 90-222 | HEK293 cells | DDDDK Tag | aa 85-223 |
Chemokines
Chemokines are small cytokines that induce chemotaxis, or movement, in nearby cells. Chemokines IL-8, CCL3 (MIP-1α), CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL5, and CXCL10 are upregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Below is a select list of ProSci’s chemokine antibodies and proteins:
CCL3 (MIP-1α) Antibodies
Product | Cat. No. | Application | Clonality | Host |
---|---|---|---|---|
CCL3 Antibody | 23-032 | WB, IHC | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
CCL3 Antibody | 63-502 | WB, IHC-P | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
CCL3 Antibody | 45-379 | E | Polyclonal | Goat |
MIP Antibody | 18-849 | WB, IHC | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
MIP-1a Antibody | 38-220 | E, WB | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
MIP-1a Antibody | XP-5232 | E, WB, Neut | Polyclonal | Goat |
MIP-1a Antibody [1.2_3E8-2H6-2B6] | XP-5734-M | E, WB, Neut | Monoclonal | Mouse |
CCL3 (MIP-1α) Recombinant Proteins
Product | Cat. No. | Source | Fusion Tag | Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|
CCL3 Recombinant Protein | 91-048 | E. coli | Tag Free | Ser 24 - Ala 92 |
MIP-1 alpha Recombinant Protein | 40-337 | E. coli | Ala 23 - Ala 92 | |
MIP-1 alpha Recombinant Protein | 40-364 | E. coli | Ala 23 - Ala 92 | |
MIP-1 alpha Recombinant Protein | 40-412 | E. coli | Ala 23 - Ala 92 | |
MIP-1a Recombinant Protein | 40-751 | E. coli | Ala 23 - Ala 92 |
CXCL8 (IL-8) Antibodies
Product | Cat. No. | Application | Clonality | Host |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL8 Antibody | 63-545 | WB, IHC-P, IF, Flow | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL8 Antibody | XW-7296 | E | Polyclonal | Chicken |
IL8 Antibody | XW-7719 | E, WB | Polyclonal | Chicken |
IL8 Antibody | XP-5199 | E, WB | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL-8 Antibody [3E4D8] | 32-180 | E, WB | Monoclonal | Mouse |
IL-8 Antibody [SB-84-8] | XP-5706-M | E, WB | Monoclonal | Mouse |
IL8 Antibody, Monoclonal | 70-132 | E, WB, IHC | Monoclonal | Mouse |
IL-8 Receptor B Antibody | 51-267 | IHC | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
IL-8 Receptor B Antibody, Monoclonal | 49-841 | IHC, Flow | Monoclonal | Mouse |
CXCL8 (IL-8) Recombinant Proteins
Product | Cat. No. | Source | Fusion Tag | Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|
CXCL8 Recombinant Protein | 40-105 | E. coli | Ala 23 - Ser 99 | |
CXCL8 Recombinant Protein | 91-874 | Human cells | C-6 His tag | Glu 21 - Ser 99 |
IL-8 non-lytic Recombinant Protein | 90-490 | CHO cells | Fc Tag | Ala 23 - Ser 99 |
IL-8 non-lytic Recombinant Protein | 90-491 | E. coli | His Tag | Ser 28 - Ser 99 |
IL-8 Recombinant Protein | 40-331 | E. coli | Ser 28 - Ser 99 | |
IL-8 Recombinant Protein | 90-492 | E. coli | His Tag | Ser 28 - Ser 99 |
IL-8 Recombinant Protein | 90-493 | CHO cells | Fc Tag | Ser 28 - Ser 99 |
IL-8 Recombinant Protein | 91-026 | E. coli | Tag Free | Ser 28 - Ser 99 |
IL-8 Recombinant Protein | 91-028 | E. coli | Tag Free | Ser 28 - Ser 99 |
IL-8 Recombinant Protein (Animal Free) | 40-727 | E. coli | Ser 28 - Ser 99 |
CCL2 (MCP-1) Antibodies
Product | Cat. No. | Application | Clonality | Host |
---|---|---|---|---|
CCL2 Antibody | 7201 | E, WB, IHC-P, IF | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
MCP-1 Antibody [1A7B8] | 32-230 | E, WB | Monoclonal | Mouse |
MCP-1 Antibody [2H5] | 77-028 | Flow, Func, Neut | Monoclonal | Hamster |
MCP-1 Antibody [2H5] | 77-029 | Flow, Func, Neut | Monoclonal | Hamster |
MCP-1/MCAF Antibody | XP-5218 | E, WB | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
MCP-1 Antibody [2.2-4H5-01A11] | XP-5732-M | E, WB | Monoclonal | Mouse |
CCL2 (MCP-1) Recombinant Proteins
Product | Cat. No. | Source | Fusion Tag | Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|
MCP-1 Recombinant Protein | 40-362 | E. coli | Gln 24 - Thr 99 | |
MCP-1 Recombinant Protein | 40-564 | E. coli | Gln 24 - Thr 99 | |
CCL2 Recombinant Protein | 90-376 | CHO cells | Fc Tag | Gln 24 - Thr 99 |
CCL2 Recombinant Protein | 90-377 | CHO cells | Fc Tag | Gln 24 - Thr 99 |
CCL2 Recombinant Protein | 90-378 | CHO cells | Fc Tag | Gln 24 - Asn 148 |
CCL2 Recombinant Protein | 90-379 | CHO cells | Fc Tag | Gln 24 - Asn 148 |
CCL5 Antibodies
CCL5 Recombinant Proteins
CXCL10 (IP-10) Antibodies
CXCL10 (IP-10) Recombinant Proteins
Product | Cat. No. | Source | Fusion Tag | Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|
IP-10 Recombinant Protein | 40-344 | E. coli | Iso 22 - Pro 98 | |
IP-10 Recombinant Protein | 40-367 | E. coli | Iso 22 - Pro 98 | |
IP-10 Recombinant Protein | 40-416 | E. coli | Iso 22 - Pro 98 | |
CXCL10 Recombinant Protein | 91-043 | E. coli | Tag Free | Iso 22 - Pro 98 |
CXCL10 Recombinant Protein | 91-905 | Human cells | C-Fc-6 His Tag | Iso 22 - Pro 98 |
Colony Stimulating Factors
Colony Stimulating Factors (CSFs) are glycoproteins associated with inflammation as they control granulocyte and macrophage production and even some functions of these cells, such as cytokine production. Below is a select list of ProSci’s CSF antibodies and proteins:
M-CSF (CSF1) Antibodies
Product | Cat. No. | Application | Clonality | Host |
---|---|---|---|---|
CSF1 Antibody | 13-836 | WB, IHC, IF, Flow | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
CSF1 Antibody | 16-516 | WB, IHC | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
CSF1 Antibody | 29-983 | E, WB | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
M-CSF Antibody | 62-446 | WB, IHC-P, IF, Flow | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
M-CSF Antibody | XP-5227 | E, WB, Neut | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
M-CSF Antibody | XP-5228 | E, WB, Neut | Polyclonal | Goat |
MCSF Antibody [2D10] | 51-394 | E, WB, IHC | Monoclonal | Mouse |
M-CSF (CSF1) Recombinant Proteins
Product | Cat. No. | Source | Fusion Tag | Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|
M-CSF Recombinant Protein | 40-288 | E. coli | See datasheet | |
M-CSF Recombinant Protein | 40-447 | E. coli | Gln 33 - Pro 186 | |
M-CSF Recombinant Protein | 40-479 | E. coli | Gln 33 - Pro 186 | |
M-CSF Recombinant Protein | 40-606 | E. coli | See datasheet | |
M-CSF Recombinant Protein | 40-620 | E. coli | Gln 33 - Pro 186 | |
M-CSF Recombinant Protein | 91-375 | Human cells | C-6 His Tag | Glu 33 - Arg 255 |
M-CSF Recombinant Protein | 91-425 | E. coli | Tag Free | Gln 33 - Arg 254 |
M-CSF Recombinant Protein | 91-598 | Human cells | C-6 His Tag | Lys 33 - Glu 262 |
M-CSF Recombinant Protein | 96-923 | Human cells | His Tag | Lys 77 - Leu 451 |
M-CSF Recombinant Protein (Animal Free) | 40-769 | E. coli | Gln 33 - Pro 186 |
G-CSF (CSF3) Antibodies
Product | Cat. No. | Application | Clonality | Host |
---|---|---|---|---|
CSF3 Antibody | 16-164 | WB, IF | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
CSF3 Antibody | 22-041 | WB, IHC | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
G-CSF Antibody [CSF3/900] | 33-340 | Flow, IF, IHC-P | Monoclonal | Mouse |
GCSF Antibody [SPM468] | 33-341 | Flow, IF, IHC-P | Monoclonal | Mouse |
G-CSF Antibody [PRPN2-1] | 33-906 | IF, IHC-P | Monoclonal | Mouse |
G-CSF receptor / CSF3R Antibody | 43-704 | E, WB | Polyclonal | Goat |
CSF3 Antibody | 60-580 | WB | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
G-CSF Antibody [BVD13-3A5] | 99-674 | Flow | Monoclonal | Rat |
G-CSF Antibody [BVD13-3A5] | 99-675 | IHC-Fr, ICC, Flow, IP | Monoclonal | Rat |
G-CSF Antibody [BVD11-37G10] | 99-676 | IHC-Fr, ICC, Flow | Monoclonal | Rat |
G-CSF Antibody | XP-5141 | E, WB | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
G-CSF Antibody | XP-5142 | E, WB, Neut | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
G-CSF (CSF3) Recombinant Proteins
Product | Cat. No. | Source | Fusion Tag | Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|
G-CSF Recombinant Protein | 40-439 | E. coli | Val 31 - Ala 208 | |
G-CSF Recombinant Protein | 40-555 | E. coli | Thr 27 - Gly 176 | |
G-CSF Recombinant Protein | 40-706 | E. coli | Iso 22 - Iso 214 | |
G-CSF Recombinant Protein (Animal Free) | 40-746 | E. coli | Val 31 - Ala 208 | |
CSF3 Recombinant Protein | 90-450 | CHO cells | Fc Tag | Val 31 - Ala 208 |
CSF3 Recombinant Protein | 90-451 | CHO cells | Fc Tag | Val 31 - Ala 208 |
CSF3 Recombinant Protein | 91-001 | E. coli | Tag Free | Thr 31 - Pro 204 |
CSF3 Recombinant Protein | 96-785 | HEK293 | Thr 31 - Pro 204 |
Growth Factors
Growth factors regulate cell division and cell survival, playing an important role in growth. Inhibition of growth factor signaling prevents SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Below is a select list of ProSci’s growth factor antibodies and proteins:
EGF Antibodies
EGF Recombinant Proteins
Product | Cat. No. | Source | Fusion Tag | Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|
EGF Recombinant Protein | 40-586 | E. coli | Asn 971 - Arg 1023 | |
EGF Recombinant Protein | 91-020 | E. coli | Tag Free | Asn 971 - Arg 1023 |
EGF Recombinant Protein | 90-455 | CHO cells | Fc Tag | Asn 971 - Arg 1023 |
EGF Recombinant Protein | 40-450 | E. coli | Asn 977 - Arg 1029 | |
EGF Recombinant Protein | 40-477 | E. coli | Asn 974 - Arg 1026 | |
EGF Recombinant Protein | 92-245 | E. coli | C-6 His Tag | Asn 977 - Arg 1029 |
VEGF Antibodies
Product | Cat. No. | Application | Clonality | Host |
---|---|---|---|---|
VEGFA Antibody | 13-125 | WB, IF, IP | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
VEGF Antibody | 14-355 | WB, IF | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
VEGFA Antibody | 16-722 | WB, IF | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
VEGFA Antibody | 16-830 | WB | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
VEGF Antibody [5E5E3] | 18-148 | WB, IHC | Monoclonal | Mouse |
VEGF Antibody [VEGF/1063] | 33-479 | WB, IF, IHC-P | Monoclonal | Mouse |
VEGF Antibody [VGFA-1] | 34-006 | IF, IHC-P | Monoclonal | Mouse |
VEGF Antibody | 38-206 | E, WB, Neut | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
VEGFA Antibody | 43-168 | E, WB, IHC | Polyclonal | Goat |
VEGFA Antibody | 56-265 | WB | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
VEGF1 Antibody | 62-226 | WB | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
VEGF Antibody | XP-5291 | E, WB | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
VEGF Antibody | XP-5292 | E, WB | Polyclonal | Goat |
VEGF Antibody | XP-5293 | E, WB, Neut | Polyclonal | Rabbit |
VEGF Antibody [4B2-8] | XP-5740-M | E, WB, Neut | Monoclonal | Mouse |
VEGF Recombinant Proteins
Product | Cat. No. | Source | Fusion Tag | Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|
VEGF-A Recombinant Protein | 91-069 | Human cells | Tag Free | Ala 27 - Arg 191 |
VEGF-A Recombinant Protein | 91-584 | Human cells | C-6 His Tag | Ala 27 - Arg 147 |
VEGF-A Recombinant Protein | 91-589 | E. coli | Tag Free | Ala 27 - Arg 147 |
VEGF-A Recombinant Protein | 40-491 | E. coli | See datasheet | |
VEGF Recombinant Protein (Animal-Free) | 40-773 | E. coli | See datasheet | |
VEGF-A Recombinant Protein | 91-944 | P. pastoris | Tag Free | Ala 27 - Arg 190 |
VEGF-A Recombinant Protein | 92-494 | P. pastoris | Tag Free | Ala 27 - Arg 190 |