When selecting an antigen to use for your project, the considerations required can be overwhelming. We at ProSci want your antibody project to run smoothly so your work can be done without interruption. For us to deliver… Read More
Problems with Immunotherapy
Pairs of proteins that act as T-cell co-signaling receptors are called immune checkpoints. These cell surface receptors can send positive or negative signals to T cells, instigating a response from the immune system to either… Read More
T-cell Activation: The Purpose of CD28, CTLA-4, and CD80/CD86
A Guide to CD28, CTLA-4, and CD80/CD86 Interaction and Signaling Immune checkpoint receptors like CD28 and CTLA-4 have been of great interest in the research of cancer immunotherapy. These receptors and their ligands are part… Read More
Bacterial vs. Mammalian Expression Systems
Expressing recombinant antibodies can be done in all kinds of systems. Many different cell lines can be used for expressing antibodies, including mammalian cells like HEK293 or CHO, or even yeast, plant or insect cell lines. Each… Read More
Antibody Basics: Recombinant Antibodies
Antibody Basics: Recombinant Antibodies Antibody development works much like any engineering feat; you get out what you put in. With the shotgun approach to developing polyclonal antibodies, hitting the target usually isn’t too much of… Read More
Antibody Basics: Isotypes
Antibodies come in several shapes and sizes, leading to a variance in properties and purposes. Below is a broad outline of each of the major isotypes of antibodies and how they are used. Some isotypes… Read More
Antigen Preparation Infographic
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Unique Animal Antibodies
Unique Animal Antibodies Though the adaptive immune system functions similarly across most vertebrates, some species such as bovine, camelids, and sharks stand out from the others with unique antibodies that only occur in their own… Read More
Antibody Basics: Rabbit Monoclonal Antibodies
Antibody Basics: Rabbit Monoclonal Antibodies Monoclonal antibodies developed in mice have been applied in thousands of applications since their development by Caesar Millstein and Georges Kohler in 1975. Since then, entire businesses have been built on these… Read More
The Antibody Basics Series: Table of Contents
Not too long ago, we published The 5 A’s of Antibodies infographic, which provides a brief explanation of all what goes into the process of generating custom antibodies against specific targets. Our next step is to begin… Read More